There was a time when all calls had some human element, as in 1940 when operators in Tucson would take and direct calls personally. Today, the trick is to negotiate automated call systems.

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Press 1 if you've ever been trapped in phone-system purgatory. Press 2 if you've ever yelled at an automated phone system or given up in frustration before reaching a real person.

To help consumers escape the bondage of automated phone systems, a couple of Web sites — www.get2human.com and www.dialahuman.com — list hundreds of company phone numbers and ways to reach a real person when calling them.

Some companies are praised for their automated phone systems, while others are criticized for things such as long call-wait times.

Mostly, the Web sites are a cheat-sheet offering tips for getting around automated phone systems.

After that, you're on your own.

Just because you reach a real person on the phone doesn't necessarily mean the person can help you, said Walt Tetschner, the project leader for get2human.com, based in suburban Boston.

Get2human is a place where consumers can exchange information and vent their anger about automated phone systems of large companies and some government agencies. Starting this month, the Web site expects to add a feature allowing consumers to rate whether a company's customer service agents are communicating well.

That's become more of an issue as U.S. companies contract out customer service to countries where language and cultural differences sometimes create communication barriers.

Otherwise, get2human offers a plethora of tips and tricks such as pressing 0000000, and then 0 at subsequent prompts, to reach someone at Sears Credit Card services.

The site was developed to fill a need. Many companies aren't doing a very good job with their phone systems, said Tetschner, an engineer by training and now a consultant and consumer advocate.

"The frustrations that consumers have are usually pretty basic but are mostly ignored, despite the fact that most enterprises will tell you how important calls are from their customers," Tetschner said.

"There's a serious problem when 95 percent of the users of an (automated phone system) absolutely dislike it," he added.

Tetschner has spent years poking and prodding phone systems to see how effective they are and what's really meant when a robot voice says, "Your call is very important to us, so please remain on the line for the next available customer service agent."

Among the things he has learned: An automated greeting that says, "Due to unusually high call volumes, wait times may be longer than normal," really means the company is too cheap to hire enough customer service agents.

And when the system says, "Your call may be recorded for training purposes," what it means is, "We can use this recording against you for any future purpose we want," according to Tetschner.

As frustrating as automated phone systems can be, technology isn't always the enemy.

Most people don't object to other self-service systems, such as automated bank teller machines, and they wouldn't mind automated phone systems so much if the companies using them made a few changes.

Giving customers accurate wait times and having the option for customer service to call you back can greatly improve automated systems, Tetschner said.

"The technology is available to do it right. And you don't need 15 system menus and long, wordy prompts," he said.

Some systems can detect whether someone is ranting or cursing at the machine and will quickly send that call to a live person. But it doesn't get customer service off to a good start, and it requires expensive technology and enough people to accept the calls.

"In the world of customer call centers, companies never staff to peak calling times," said Steve Konavaluk, a telecom engineer with Black Box Voice Services in Waukesha, Wis.

"And when you press '0' for an operator, you are fooling yourself if you think that person can always help you," he said. "Often you have reached an overburdened switchboard person or secretary, and even then there aren't enough of those people to pick up the phones."